Diet and healthy eating are two different things

A real diet is a special diet and eating regimen

So, all of the above has a very indirect relationship to this diet. A diet is a diet specially selected for its chemical composition, energy value (calorie content), method of heat treatment (or lack thereof) and, of course, a certain diet. But it must be emphasized that diet translated from Greek is a way of life. This means that it’s not enough to chew cabbage for a few weeks, wincing, you’ll have to reconsider your eating habits and stick to a new diet for the rest of your life, only then will the diet be effective and healthy.

Diet

The definition of the term “diet” is given on the basis of the free encyclopedia Wikipedia (see the original concept of “diet”) and has the following meaning:

Diet (Greek δίαιτα - lifestyle, diet) is a set of rules for eating food by a person or other living organism. Diet can be characterized by factors such as chemical composition, physical properties, culinary processing of food, and the timing and intervals of food intake. The diets of different cultures may vary significantly and include or exclude specific foods. Dietary preferences and dietary choices affect a person's health.

According to another version, the definition of the concept of diet is of Latin origin, “dies” (day) is a set of food products consumed in the form of food by an individual during the day (in a general sense - by the majority of living beings or a group of living beings).

The diets that we are trying to define on this page, both low-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate, have been familiar since ancient times. In Ancient Greece, athletes, in order to obtain an excellent physiological state, shortly before competitions, increased the content of meat products in their diet, only in the described case, at the same time, there was a refusal of fruits, flour products, and vegetables. This kind of nutrition was used specifically for the purpose of effective weight loss. Because the elimination of carbohydrates in carbohydrate-free diets is made up mainly by proteins, carbohydrate-free diets are often called “protein” or “protein” diets.

One of the oldest diets is the Pythagorean diet. It was used by like-minded people of the famous sage. Following the behavior pattern of their mentor, they abandoned the components of the diet based on meat and legumes. However, this diet did not lead to weight loss (body weight). The least goal was to achieve a reduction in gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract, the highest goal was a guaranteed prosperous afterlife.

More reasonable on the topic of diets, which we are trying to define on this page, was the founder of medicine, Hippocrates. In the article “On Diet” he wrote, the thinker came to the conclusion that eating processed foods indiscriminately and in large quantities is detrimental to one’s body: nutrition must be shaped personally, taking into account the number of full years of the individual, his state of health, specialty, climate zones of his residence and time of year. The ancient doctor Asclepiades, the founder of dietetics as a subject area, came to deeper conclusions in his reasoning, insisting on the idea that all kinds of diseases can be eliminated with the help of a properly selected diet menu. At the same time, his compatriot Galen, being a colleague of Asclepiades, had less hope for the diet, seeing in it a method of existence in harmony with the heavenly bodies and natural forces.

The French doctor Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin used such a diet in his medical practice in the 19th century for overweight patients.

In 1864, articles were published in Great Britain about the results of using a carbohydrate-free diet. Burial specialist William Banting depicted in it his own unsuccessful efforts to reduce his body weight (about 92 kilograms and a height of 165 centimeters) and the recommendations of Dr. William Harvey, the use of which contributed to his effective weight loss. William Harvey was fascinated by the innovative concept at that time, the main idea of ​​which was that in the human body starch (in this case, in relation to carbohydrates) is converted into fats. The doctor’s recommendations consisted of several points, among which were: abstaining from drinking beer, flour and confectionery products, potatoes, replacing them with protein - fish and meat products. As a result of these tips, with virtually no restrictions on food intake, Banting lost twenty-one kilograms. There are many translations of Banting's works into other languages, and the final fourth volume was released in a circulation of over one hundred thousand copies, which means a great success for those years. Banting died in his eighty-first year of life, having successfully maintained his own body weight for nineteen years. The diet he glorified has become so widely known that today in the British lexicon the term “banting” means “starvation diet”.

In medical practice, such diets were very popular among doctors whose patients experienced difficulties in dealing with diabetes (up to the creation of insulin). As part of effective weight loss projects, carbohydrate-free diets became widely known in the second half of the 20th century due to the increase in the number of people experiencing obesity-related suffering.

Thanks to the existing Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation, after analyzing the data in this document, we can come to the conclusion that in order to obtain individual norms of a person’s physiological needs for energy and nutrients, taking into account belonging to a certain group of the population, it is necessary to use These are the data adjusted for anthropometric parameters and individual level of physical activity. And the use of the formulas of Lorenz, Broca, Quetelet, Harris-Benedict, Ketch-McUrdle, Miffilin-Saint-Geor, WHO allows us to solve the problem. This means that the diet, the definition of which is given on this page, will be considered the most effective for a particular person if the total values ​​of the nutrient and energy content of such a menu will maximally correspond to the individual norms of a person’s physiological needs for energy and nutrients, taking into account belonging to a certain group of the population, let's call this diet “Ecodiet”. This means that the task at hand can only be solved using automated calculations. We will consider as “correct” the option of the daily diet of the food menu, the total content values ​​of which are within ±13%, which corresponds to the percentage deviation of body weight according to Broca’s formula equal to the upper limit of the normal BMI. The stated thesis about the impossibility of obtaining the correct version of the daily diet using “manual” design can be proven using the online calorie calculator located on our website.

Selection of diet, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body

On the other hand: you won’t starve forever? That is why you need to choose a diet not following fashion trends, but taking into account the individual characteristics of the body. And a nutritionist will help with this.

If you stay on a diet for a couple of weeks or months and then “fall off”, then the lost kilograms will quickly return. Sometimes even in excess. Such “swings” harm your figure (stretch marks appear) and your health. Therefore, you need to choose for yourself the gastronomic lifestyle with which you will be comfortable living for a long time without harm to your well-being. The exception is those diets that are used for minor adjustments of metabolism, minor weight loss, etc. (although they can also be designed for a long time).

Therapeutic diets[ | ]

Dietetics, the science of therapeutic nutrition, deals with the development and recommendations of a diet for a patient. When prescribing a diet, it is based on functional, pathomorphological, metabolic, enzyme and other disorders in the human body. A properly selected diet provides the most favorable background for the use of various therapeutic agents, enhances the effect of these agents, or has a therapeutic effect. The preventive value of the diet is that it delays the transition of acute diseases to chronic ones.

Medical diets (tables)[ | ]

In medical-prophylactic and sanatorium-resort institutions, they use the traditional numbered system of diets by M. I. Pevzner for nutrition for certain diseases. This type of division of diets in medical institutions has recently been replaced by the division of diets into 4 groups, which included all the diets presented below. Some diets are known in several versions (for example, No. 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).

• Diet No. 1, No. 1a, No. 1b - peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum
• Diet No. 2 - chronic gastritis, acute gastritis, enteritis and colitis, chronic enterocolitis
• Diet No. 3 - constipation
• Diet No. 4, No. 4a, No. 4b, No. 4c - intestinal diseases with diarrhea
• Diet No. 5, No. 5a - diseases of the liver and biliary tract
• Diet No. 6 - gout, urolithiasis with the formation of stones from uric acid salts
• Diet No. 7, No. 7a, No. 7b - acute and chronic nephritis (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis)
• Diet number 8 - obesity
• Diet No. 9 - diabetes mellitus
• Diet No. 10 - diseases of the cardiovascular system with circulatory failure
• Diet No. 11 - tuberculosis
• Diet No. 12 - functional diseases of the nervous system
• Diet No. 13 - acute infectious diseases
• Diet No. 14 - kidney stone disease with the passage of stones consisting mainly of oxalates
• Diet No. 15 - various diseases that do not require special diets

The most common specific types of nutrition[ | ]

In some communities, a certain traditional nature of nutrition has developed, which has certain restrictions. The table shows typical options for bans or restrictions on certain products.

Sources

• Röhe I., Vahjen W., Metzger F., Zentek J. Effect of a “diluted” diet containing 10% lignocellulose on the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal microbiota, and excreta characteristics of dual purpose laying hens. // Poult Sci - 2021 - Vol99 - N1 - p.310-319; PMID:32416816
• Kreuzer M., Müller S., Mazzolini L., Messikommer RE., Gangnat IDM. Are dual-purpose and male layer chickens more resilient against a low-protein-low-soybean diet than slow-growing broilers? // Br Poult Sci - 2021 - Vol61 - N1 - p.33-42; PMID:31550927
• Röhe I., Vahjen W., Metzger F., Zentek J. Effect of a “diluted” diet containing 10% lignocellulose on the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal microbiota, and excreta characteristics of dual purpose laying hens. // Poult Sci - 2021 - Vol - NNULL - p.; PMID:31504865
• Röhe I., Urban J., Dijkslag A., Te Paske J., Zentek J. Impact of an energy- and nutrient-reduced diet containing 10% lignocellulose on animal performance, body composition and egg quality of dual purpose laying hens. // Arch Anim Nutr - 2021 - Vol73 - N1 - p.1-17; PMID:30545247

What is gout?

Currently, gout is considered a systemic disease, since in addition to the joints it affects almost the entire body.

Disruption of uric acid metabolism leads to an increase in its concentration in the blood and urine, the formation of urate crystals and their deposition in soft tissues, including in the joints of the upper and lower extremities. Over time, deposits of uric acid (urate) crystals form nodular subcutaneous formations - tophi, which are clearly visible to the naked eye and allow the doctor to make a diagnosis even with a routine external examination. However, long before the formation of tophi, the disease manifests itself as paroxysmal, unusually severe inflammation of the joints - gouty arthritis (most often located in the area of ​​the big toe, although other joints, most often the legs, can be affected).

Gout affects internal organs, in particular the kidneys, which work for a long time under conditions of increased stress associated with the need to remove uric acid from the blood. Over time, urolithiasis develops, exacerbating the negative effect of uric acid on kidney tissue. An additional damaging factor is the frequent and usually uncontrolled use of painkillers for joint pain. Gradually, kidney function is impaired - renal failure forms, which determines the final prognosis of the disease