Article by: Fitness Guru
Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a toxic and hazardous substance used in the production of ammunition and herbicides. Although it is not suitable for human consumption, it is sold online as... a weight loss drug.
Sellers tempt customers with easy weight loss without any effort. Doctors constantly warn against using DNP. It causes catastrophic side effects leading to death in agony so to speak - lose weight to death
lose weight to death
DNP – what is it?
2,4-Dinitrophenol, in short DNP, is an organic chemical compound from the group of phenols with the chemical formula C6H4N2O5. It comes in the form of a yellow powder with a sweet taste and musty odor. It is poorly soluble in water.
Dinitrophenol is not on the list of drugs approved for sale. It is used to produce herbicides (weed control agents) and artificial colors. Under no circumstances should it be ingested.
Why do young people use DNP as a weight loss measure? Dinitrophenol can be tempting because it burns fat very quickly.
If you take too much, nitrophenols cause shortness of breath, circulatory problems and overheating of the body. The human body cannot keep up with the release of energy generated by very rapid fat burning. This causes breathing problems and excessive sweating. If a person who swallows a large dose of DNP does not have excess fat, the substance begins to burn his internal tissues. The toxin causes stroke, damage to internal organs,
DNP Forms
The drug has two release forms. The first is a light white powder and is a pure substance without impurities, which has a pungent odor. This DNP form is not available for free circulation.
It goes only to laboratories for the manufacture of various medicines and experiments. The second form is the potassium salt of pure dinitrophenol and is an odorless yellow crystalline form. Its effect is much weaker than the powder substance.
DNP - application
nitrophenols
DNP was originally used by the French during World War I to produce ammunition.
Since then it has been used as:
- dye,
- wood preservative,
- photographic developer,
- herbicides
- accelerated the process of sowing grain crops.
However, the versatility of using DNP does not end there. In 1933, Maurice Tainter discovered that taking Dinitrophenol resulted in significant weight loss. It was soon popularized as a weight loss aid.
An article published in the prestigious journal JAMA stated that “DNP may have therapeutic applications in situations where increasing metabolic rate is desired (including obesity). It has been shown to significantly increase metabolism without harming organs or impairing function.”
Later, however, it turned out that cataracts and even death were possible. After 1938, DNP was no longer prescribed as a weight loss measure. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized it as a very dangerous substance for humans.
After a long break, in 1981, Dr. Baczynski “rediscovered” the properties of DNP. He began producing and selling DNP tablets under the trade name "Mitcal" as a weight loss measure. However, after some time, reports of side effects caused by Mythkal, such as fever, shortness of breath and excessive sweating, began to come to the FDA. Dr. Baczynski was fined and sentenced to prison several years later.
In 2003, the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) issued a warning that Dinitrophenol was "not fit for human consumption". The General Sanitary Inspectorate (GIS) has repeatedly warned that the use of additives containing DNP poses a serious threat to health and life.
DNP reviews
Due to the fact that DNP is highly toxic, the consumer market is constantly shrinking and new sports supplements with less harmfulness are taking its place. Reviews about dinitrophenol 2,4 agree that it is really effective, but not everyone decides to use the product.
In foreign media intended for bodybuilders, information often appears about deaths caused by an overdose of DNP. This makes novice athletes reluctant to use this substance. In Russia and the CIS countries, such news is quite rare, which affects the popularity of the drug. Reviews of dinitrophenol say that it is still in demand among beginners in bodybuilding.
DNP overdose
trinitrophenol formula
Currently, the use of DNP for industrial purposes is legal, but subject to strict controls. Selling DNP as a food product is completely illegal. However, DNP remains available, especially online. Websites give advice on how to prevent the development of hyperthermia (increased body temperature), for example by using air conditioners and fans.
When body temperature rises above 38.9°C, it is recommended to reduce the dose of DNP, take a very cold bath and ensure hydration. This can appear very professional and make the sellers seem like they care about their customers. But no one can predict how the body will react to even small doses of DNP.
DNP dealer faces jail time!
Trade in drugs not approved for pharmaceutical use is punishable by up to 2 years in prison. Unintentional death can result in a penalty of 5 years in prison. This punishment was awarded to Maciej Zh., who several years ago sold dinitrophenol to a 20-year-old resident of Warsaw. A girl died after swallowing too much DNP.
“My daughter felt bad, she didn’t have enough air, and she was sweating a lot,” this is how the mother told about the last days before her daughter’s death. - It looked terrible. The water evaporated as if it had touched the iron. She was sweating a lot, and at the same time she could not breathe, she felt like she was suffocating. This went on for several days. The daughter did not admit that she took it. She spent one day in the hospital. She got there in the evening and died in the morning. Healthy, normal girl.
Doctors were unable to save the girl because she did not admit to taking DNP until the last minute. Only after examining her personal belongings did she explain the cause of her condition, but it was too late to save her life.
Admission rules
Dinitrophenol is taken in an amount of no more than 3 mg per kilogram of body weight by the athlete per day. It is advisable to divide the norm into 3 parts, consume first on an empty stomach, then after meals. If you suffer from high acidity, take the fat burner with milk. The first course of treatment lasts from a week to two; a second course can be taken after a 10-day break.
Be sure to read: Safe dietary supplement for athletes Thermo Caps
Drink more, eat a protein-rich diet. It is better to exclude fast carbohydrates altogether; do not drink alcohol - it is not safe for health. It would be better to limit physical activity so as not to overload the heart, but aerobic exercise like swimming will come in handy. To maintain health while losing weight, take vitamins C, E, and Asparkam. Melatonin is indicated for insomnia; some athletes support the body during weight loss with Glycerin, Carsil, Calcium Gluconate, Lipoic acid. You need to drink a lot of regular water - up to 5 liters per day.
Dinitrophenol – exposure routes
The most common way to introduce DNP into the body is through the use of powdered capsules. DNP applied to skin may turn it yellow and be mildly caustic. Absorption through the skin may result in systemic effects similar to those observed after oral administration.
Dermal exposure is the most common route of inadvertent exposure to DNP. For example, in industry or agriculture. Inhalation exposure may occur through inhalation of contaminated air. For example, in landfills containing DNP or incineration. Inhalation of DNP vapor may result in systemic effects similar to those observed after oral ingestion.
Recommendations for use
During training, wear loose, light clothes; for every day, choose comfortable options, especially if it is quite hot outside. Create drafts, set the air conditioner to the lowest possible temperature. Shower at least twice a day, change your underwear daily, since you will wake up sweating. If you have problems sleeping, you can take sleeping pills, the main thing is to do this as carefully as possible so as not to finish off your already damaged body. It is possible to combine with ECA or maple to reduce appetite. Monitor your blood pressure and pulse.
Do not take the medicine at random. Before extreme weight loss using the drug, it is advisable to reduce thyroid hormones and consult a doctor. If you have hypothyroidism, such therapy will not help you lose excess weight and may simply not be safe.
DNP - doses
Dinitrophenol
The lowest lethal oral dose of DNP in humans was 4.3 mg/kg body weight. Doses reported in cases of death or suicide attempts range from 2.8 g to approximately 5 g/kg body weight. The highest dose reported that did not cause death was 2.4 g/kg body weight.
This shows a very variable tolerance to DNP in humans, making DNP a very unpredictable substance.
Drugs on the black market vary in the dosage they offer, most often being 100 mg or 200 mg DNP capsules.
It is also worth noting that DNP concentrations in the body take a long time to accumulate because its half-life is 36 hours. This means that after taking a certain dose, the concentration of DNP is reduced by half after 36 hours. Taking subsequent doses causes the accumulation of DNP in the body. Stopping it if side effects occur does not have an immediate effect.
Scheme for using DNP
1. DNP is taken at the rate of 2-5 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day. Moreover, you should start with the first indicator. Typically, the drug starts working on the second or third day after starting treatment. According to my observations, 2 - 3 mg is more than enough in most cases.
2. If, starting with two milligrams, you do not feel the effect (fever, increased blood pressure and shortness of breath with sweating), then increase the dose to three to four milligrams and continue taking until the above effects manifest themselves.
3. Next, as soon as the substance starts working, take a break for 10–14 days and then start a full course with a working (for you) dose.
4. The most reasonable approach is 8 days of taking it, then 8 days off and again 8 days of taking it (24 days in total). The dose is taken on an empty stomach. 3 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals. You need to drink DNP with plenty of water to avoid heartburn (750g - 1l).
5. The daily dose is divided into two equal parts and eaten in the morning and evening. Don’t worry, this crap accumulates well in the body and will continue to work for another five days during the eight-day break. Then for three days you will be released a little, and you can rest. Appetite will increase sharply.
6. Accordingly, self-discipline is extremely important, otherwise you can eat off everything that you lost earlier in these three days. By following a very moderate (compared to conventional drying) diet and completely eliminating aerobic exercise (which is why DNP is called an option for the lazy), you will daily observe a SIGNIFICANT reduction in body fat and the appearance of the long-awaited six-pack on your stomach. And even veins will appear where they were never visible before.
DNP – how does it work?
DNP disrupts the oxidative phosphorylation splitter in mitochondria. What does this mean exactly? Our cells have energy centers - mitochondria, which are responsible for energy production. It accumulates in the form of adinosine 5-triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a type of cellular "battery" that is constantly charged during oxidative phosphorylation. The energy stored in ATP is necessary for almost any process occurring in the body.
ATP arises from a complex process involving electron transport and proton transfer across mitochondrial membranes. This leads to the formation of an electrochemical gradient. Thanks to this, high-energy phosphorus bonds can form in the ATP molecule.
DNP affects the last step of the oxidative phosphorylation process. It causes proton leakage and makes it impossible to generate the electrochemical gradient required for the synthesis of ATP bonds. Subsequently, the dissipated energy manifests itself in heat (hyperthermia, an increase in temperature even above 43 ° C). In addition, the loss of ATP production efficiency is partially compensated by an increased metabolic rate. DNP can increase your basal metabolic rate by up to 50%! This leads to rapid weight loss by burning more fats and carbohydrates. Thus, the body tries to create the necessary ATP, but this is impossible. At some point, a failure occurs, which results in disruption of vital functions.
What it is?
Initially, dinitrophenol 2,4 was created as an analogue of trinitrophenol and was used as a detonator for dynamite. This was a very long time ago; now DNP is actively used as a herbicide in agriculture. Often wood is impregnated with it to prevent insects from eating it. Based on this, we can draw the appropriate conclusion - dinitrophenol is an ordinary poison.
In addition, dinitrophenol 2,4, which is an uncoupling agent of oxidative phosphorylation, penetrates the human body and changes the process of cellular respiration. The production of ATP from ADP becomes impossible, and the energy of the respiratory chain completely disappears as heat. This explains the antipyretic effect of this remedy.
It is also worth adding that DNP practically burns glycogen from the muscles and liver and prevents its occurrence. The body, which has been deprived of its main source of energy, needs to switch to an additional source - fat cells. Simply put, the drug greatly heats up the metabolism and spins it to limits that are unrealistic for other fat burners, forcing the body to use fat to ensure the functioning of all organs and systems.
Dinitrophenol - side effects
There is little difference between the "therapeutic effects" and toxic effects of DNP. The most common side effect, even with low doses of DNP, is rash, itching, yellow skin, eyeballs and urine. Blood neutrophils are observed in the blood count display. DNP has also been shown in animal studies to be carcinogenic and may cause fetal harm.
Higher doses of DNP can cause gastroenteritis and enterocolitis, acute kidney and liver damage, and cataracts. The most common neurological symptoms include agitation, seizures and coma. Sweating, vomiting and diarrhea lead to dehydration.
The most common symptoms observed with DNP overdose are increased body temperature (40°C), heart rate (144 beats per minute), heavy sweating and rapid breathing (40 breaths per minute).
Unfortunately, in many cases, taking high doses of DNP is fatal. The first death from DNP was recorded in 1918 and was a consequence of occupational exposure. However, the last decade has seen the largest number of deaths from intentional overdose of DNP. By December 2011, a total of 62 cases of death from DNP had been published in the medical literature.
The average time for symptoms to appear after a DNP overdose is 7-8 hours, and the average time for death is 14 hours. Overdose of DNP leads to death in agony due to multiple organ failure. Just before death, the muscles experience deep stiffness, making breathing difficult.
conclusions
DNP will help you lose weight, the question is at what cost. The drug is very toxic, unsafe for health and life. If you do decide to use it, be sure to make sure that you are purchasing the original and not a fake, study the properties of the active substances and follow safety precautions. We recommend studying specialized literature and alternative drying options . If you drink alcohol or do increased physical activity, the fat burner DNP can be deadly.
Be sure to read: An effective way to combat excess weight - Kankura Tea
Reviews
Oleg “Really super-effective fattop, and I’ve tried a lot and can compare. As for the danger, all pills are dangerous - when we buy cheap Chinese drugs, we generally take something unknown. During the first week I lost a lot of weight, I feel normal.”
Kirill “It didn’t work out for me with DPN - the side effects were hellish, I got worried and stopped taking it. The guys in the gym use it, many are very happy with the results. Yes, people really lose weight, but I know a lot of negative stories about such therapy. To be or not to be is up to you to decide, I just advise you to think carefully, because you are essentially taking poison.”
Elena “An excellent alternative to purely caffeine Chinese capsules, which do not work as they should, only contain caffeine. In a couple of weeks - minus 10 kg, despite the fact that I was not very overweight. Super! I recommend it to everyone!”
Sasha “The treatment was well tolerated, I had no side effects as described. Do not exceed the dosage - and you will be happy without excess weight, in a short time. Without the drug, I would have worked out and lost weight to the achieved levels for exactly six months, and it’s not a fact that everything would have worked out as it should. Additionally, I took vitamins and glycerin.”
Dininitrophenol, mechanism of action
First, I want to remind you of the basics of energy production (in this case ATP) in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
The high-energy molecules NADH and FADH2 begin their journey in the respiratory chain, starting a chain of redox reactions (electron transfer). NADH reduces complex I, turning into NAD+. Complex I reduces coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q reduces complex 3, then the same happens with cytochrome C and complex IV. At the end, our electron waits for oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor - water is formed and the electron’s journey through the respiratory chain ends here.
All reactions in the chain are not only redox, but also exergonic. The energy released is spent (most importantly) on pumping protons (H+) into the intermembrane space and, to a lesser extent, on heat loss during reactions. The H+ gradient is formed in the intermembrane space. In the matrix (let me remind you), the concentration of H+ is significantly lower. The difference in H+ gradients subsequently rotates ATP synthase (sometimes called complex V), resulting in the formation of ATP.
Without an electrochemical gradient, we have no ATP. No ATP - no maintenance of homeostasis of a living organism.
Dinitorphenol has remarkable properties:
- DNP can be both an acceptor and a donor of H+;
- DNP can freely cross the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The result is quite tragic. Protons from the intermembrane space are transferred to the matrix. There is no longer a difference in gradients in the matrix and outside the matrix - ATP synthase does not rotate - there is no ATP synthesis.
When the H+ gradient is disconnected, the body begins to actively restore it by burning fuel (primarily fats) in the respiratory chain. Also, existing ATP molecules can be used to assist in this process (though that's another story).
With such activation of the respiratory chain, the body sharply burns fuel reserves and at the same time heat loss increases - this is the secret of both the action of DNP and our thermogenesis, which is not associated with muscle tremors.
Dinitrophenol will dissipate the newly formed H+ gradient and interfere with ATP synthesis.
Bodybuilders would do well to remember that ATP is what they need to keep their large muscles working.
Either mitochondria will somehow be able to support the function of ATP synthesis during the period of DNP elimination, or DNP will kill us faster due to exhaustion of the body and heat shock.
It's good to take into account:
- The higher the ambient temperature, the easier it is for DNP to kill us;
- The elimination period varies in the literature, ranging from several hours to several days;
- The lethal dose is individual and depends on your mitochondrial capabilities and a number of other parameters.
Unfortunately, this is the best picture I could find.
