Types of obesity
Types of obesity vary depending on the causes of its occurrence.
Alimentary (exogenous): appears with overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. Pathological (endogenous): is the result of various diseases. A large amount of fat is considered a chronic pathology of a progressive nature, and if left untreated, serious complications can occur. With excess weight, the body begins to work at “full capacity”, because of this the internal organs are “produced” much faster. Consequently, the quality of life and its duration decreases.
Content:
- Types of obesity
- Causes of excess weight
- Full face
- Fullness of shoulders, arms and chest
- How to remove fat from shoulders and arms?
- Adipose tissue in the armpits
- Possible complications and preventive measures?
According to the treatment method, obesity is divided into the following types: adjustable and irreversible. Controlled: Can be eliminated with special diet and exercise. Irreversible is diagnosed very rarely.
It can also be divided into types according to dynamics. Stable is characterized by the patient’s constant weight, that is, kilograms do not increase or decrease. Dynamic: the patient’s weight increases every day. Constitutional fat deposition: a chronic pathology that appears as a result of physical, biochemical and metabolic processes. Constitutional fat deposition causes various complications and makes a person disabled. In addition, among patients with this disease, many deaths occur due to cardiovascular diseases.
To reduce risks, the patient must adhere to a special diet (most often a diabetic diet) and increase physical activity every day.
Constitutional obesity, in turn, is also divided into types. Female type (gynoid): considered the most harmless because it poses virtually no threat to human health. In this case, the figure becomes like a pear. Fat deposition occurs on the hips, buttocks, and lower abdomen. This type is often found in women whose endocrine system works correctly (most of the fat is formed under the skin).
Male type (android): appears when the body has high levels of androgens. In this case, a person’s figure becomes like an apple - fat is deposited on the stomach, chest and shoulders. If this condition is not given attention and pathology develops, then metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity will occur (carrying serious complications). In addition, fat begins to accumulate in the abdominal cavity and internal organs, which makes it unfavorable and dangerous.
The mixed type is the most common phenomenon that can be diagnosed even in a child. In this case, fat deposition occurs throughout the body. In addition, depending on the location, several types of adipose tissue are distinguished, these are:
- subcutaneous fatty tissue;
- deep layer;
- internal fat (located around the abdomen).
The ratio of species and the severity of the tissue will depend on age, genetic predisposition, metabolism and other equally important factors. Subcutaneous fat is present in varying quantities in all areas of the body. Thanks to it, the human body has smooth outlines, but it can be easily removed with the help of exercise and proper nutrition.
Based on the prevalence of fat, local and general forms can be distinguished. Local is divided into three types:
- delimited (adipose tissue has clear boundaries and an increase in the surface layer of adipose tissue);
- diffuse-local (characterized by the growth of subcutaneous fat in a certain anatomical area, this area loses its boundaries and smoothly passes into the neighboring area where adipose tissue is normal);
- finely lumpy contour disturbances (manifests as an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the formation of an uneven contour of the skin (small tubercles and pits).
The local form of deposits can be quite stable, so it can persist even with severe weight loss.
Facial asymmetry. Local reasons
Polio
49393 03 July
IMPORTANT!
The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, diagnostic tests should be prescribed only by the attending physician. To make a diagnosis and properly prescribe treatment, you should contact your doctor. Facial asymmetry - causes of its appearance, what diseases it occurs with, diagnosis and treatment methods.
The shape of the face depends on the anatomical features of the skull, the volume and innervation of muscle tissue, as well as various diseases that can disrupt the symmetry of features.
Types of facial symmetry disorders
There are several types of asymmetry caused by anomalies of bone structures (bones of the brain and facial parts of the skull, lower jaw), cartilaginous tissue of the nose, ears, and facial muscle tissue. Facial asymmetry can be caused by damage to the facial nerve and its branches, which leads to increasing weakness or paresis of the muscles on one side of the face. Anomalies of the skull bones can develop in utero and be a consequence of genetic factors and an unfavorable course of pregnancy and/or occur after the birth of a child due to abnormal development or diseases leading to bone tissue defects (tumors, injuries). Anomalies of the cartilaginous tissues of the face, which form the frame of the nose and ears, are either congenital (unilateral enlargement or underdevelopment of the auricle, curvature of the nasal septum), or appear as a result of various injuries and diseases. Often, a violation of symmetry occurs due to damage to one of the temporomandibular joints.
Causes of facial asymmetry
Muscular asymmetry of the face is most often based on a violation of the activity of the facial muscles due to damage to the facial nerve and its branches.
Facial nerve block can be a consequence of neuropathy (damage to nerve fibers), trauma, or surgical interventions in the neck, maxillofacial and parotid areas.
The most common cause of blockage is neuritis, which includes Bell's palsy (a common disease, the nature of which is still unknown), otogenic (associated with the ear) and infectious neuritis (caused by herpes viruses, polio, mumps). The second place is occupied by complications after surgical interventions. In third place are post-traumatic injuries of the facial nerve due to traumatic brain injury. In many cases, even if the integrity of the facial nerve is preserved, its functions are irreversibly lost. The consequence of this complication is paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side and impaired functions of swallowing, chewing and speech. There may be difficulty closing the eyelids, lacrimation, and taste disturbances. An indicator of damage to the facial nerve is the asymmetry of facial wrinkles. Sometimes involuntary movements occur on one side of the face - so-called tics.
During the intrauterine formation of the child’s skull, it may become deformed due to asymmetrical healing of the sutures. Most often, the coronal suture (plagiocephaly) undergoes unilateral obliteration (fusion),
which leads to flattening of the frontal bone, so that the head takes on the shape of a slanted oval.
Plagiocephaly can be caused by torticollis (one-sided increased tone of the neck muscles), causing a constant tilt or rotation of the head. Severe plagiocephaly can lead to impaired brain development.
Another type of anomaly that leads to facial asymmetry is a deviated nasal septum. Most often this is a consequence of uneven growth of the left and right halves of the skull. The nasal cavity takes on an irregular shape, and the nasal septum becomes deviated. Another cause of curvature can be facial injuries, polyps and tumors of the nasal mucosa.
One of the most severe skull defects that lead to facial asymmetry is bone deformation due to tumor growth (osteoma, osteochondroma). Thus, osteoma often grows in the paranasal sinuses, especially the frontal and ethmoid sinuses, displacing the eyeball. If a tumor grows in the nasal cavity, it leads to a deviated nasal septum. When localized in the jaw bones, the neoplasm causes asymmetry of the chin.
Since the tumor grows very slowly, a person does not notice the “blowing of the bone” for a long time, which leads to the persistence of defects even after removal of the tumor.
A fairly common cause of facial asymmetry is anomalies of the temporomandibular joint. The symmetry of the location of the articular heads determines the correct bite and function of the lower jaw. When the joints are located at different levels due to congenital defects, partial or complete absence of articular heads, shortening of the lower jaw branch on any side, a crossbite is formed. Postnatal (postpartum) disorders often manifest themselves in excessive development or underdevelopment of one of the joints. Impaired functioning of the joint affects the muscular and ligamentous apparatus of the lower jaw, leading to overstrain of the masticatory muscles due to an attempt to fix the joint. In turn, hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles causes tension in the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
This pathological chain leads to the formation of facial asymmetry.
Dental abnormalities can also cause facial asymmetry due to malocclusion. Thus, with a crossbite, the violation of facial symmetry is especially noticeable with a lateral displacement of the lower jaw. Malocclusion can occur as a result of congenital defects (facial hemiatrophy (reduction in the size of half the face), end-to-end nonunion of the upper lip, alveolar process and palate).
Diagnostics and examination
For neuropathy of the facial nerve, electromyography and MRI are of diagnostic value.
Causes of excess weight
Obesity does not bring pleasure to anyone, especially if the figure not only loses its contours, but completely changes its proportions. In this case, you should carefully monitor changes in your body, because excessive and uneven fatness is the consequence of serious diseases.
There are many reasons why a person develops a pronounced specific part of the body. The first and most common is genetic predisposition.
Therefore, if parents have very pronounced abnormal body proportions, which became such due to fat deposition, then, most likely, the same will be revealed in their children. The second, no less common factor is endocrine diseases. For example, disruptions in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, poor functioning of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland, and many others. The third is the curvature of the spine, which affects the shift in the center of gravity and creates a fat “balancer”. Of course, we must not forget such a condition as excessive and regular overeating.
Why do we gain weight in our faces, and how to deal with it?
Some people are genetically predisposed to accumulating fat in the facial area, but most of us only notice an increase in volume in this area after gaining weight.
Therefore, the strategy for eliminating fat deposits on the face is often similar to the general strategy for losing weight: nutrition + physical activity.
To remove facial fat, you need to eat right and exercise regularly.
However, it is worth remembering that, in addition to fat, the face may appear more voluminous due to swelling, so this problem also needs to be solved in order for the face to lose weight.
In addition to the standard weight loss plan, estet-portal.com suggests trying exercises that will help correct your face shape in a shorter time. So, we will look at:
- cheek exercises;
- exercises for the chin.
Full face
Too large cheeks can indicate hormonal imbalances and possible diseases of certain areas of the brain (most often pathology of the pituitary gland). If suddenly the face and neck become larger in volume, while other parts of the body remain unchanged, then you need to contact your local physician. He, in turn, is obliged to refer the patient to an appointment with an endocrinologist. In addition, the doctor will issue a referral for a computed tomography scan of the brain. Cheeks may also become larger due to eating large amounts of high-carbohydrate foods. These include caramel, sugar, candy and much more. Usually, after eating a lot of sweets, the accumulation of fat begins in the face and gradually moves to other parts of the body.
Fullness of shoulders, arms and chest
If loose T-shirts have become tight, an arm cannot fit into the sleeve of a blouse, and an ugly “Christmas tree” of fatty tissue has appeared on the back, but the size of the trousers remains the same, it is urgent to find the cause of this phenomenon. Such disproportionate distortion of the figure can occur in two cases. The first is with a sudden cessation of daily sports (in particular, this applies to swimming, volleyball, tennis). The second is for a diagnosed disorder in the production of prolactin. Such a “prolactin figure” is very eye-catching at first, especially when it is a long-legged girl with large breasts. However, this condition is characterized by a constant increase in the upper part (the amount of fat in it is constantly growing). You should immediately seek help from a specialist. If this is not done, the woman will have problems conceiving and carrying a baby.
If obesity occurs after stopping sports, then treatment in this case will not be needed. It is necessary to exercise daily, and the shoulder girdle will return to normal.
Full arms can be in different places, not just under the arms, for example, the wrists. What is the reason? There are three main factors for this condition.
- First: for some people this can happen as they age, especially if their parents developed the same problem after 40 years of age.
- Second: sometimes this happens due to edema, then you should seek help from a nephrologist. This is the doctor who deals with these problems.
- Third: often found in young representatives of the fair sex - this is an excess of the male sex hormone in the blood (testosterone). It is present in small quantities in all women. When its level begins to increase for some reason, acne appears, body and facial hairiness increases, disruptions in the menstrual cycle and abnormalities in the structure of the body begin. In fact, this is a rather serious problem that requires immediate treatment, so you need to seek help from an endocrinologist as soon as possible.
Swelling is always “present”
Very often, girls who have a fairly slender figure complain about chubby cheeks. What is the reason for such an anomaly? Most likely, it's all about banal swelling. In order to help the body get rid of excess fluid in the intercellular space and prevent its accumulation, you need to drink enough clean water. Doctors and nutritionists advise consuming at least 1.5-2 liters daily. Minimize the consumption of highly salted foods; you can try and gradually switch to lightly salted or unsalted foods. Alcoholic drinks and coffee also cause dehydration. Try to drink them as little as possible, and you may not have to look for the answer to the question: “How to lose weight in your face, cheeks and chin?”
How to remove fat from shoulders and arms?
Many people just need to know how to remove fat from these places, and they will look perfect again. It’s an unattractive look when the skin on your hands sags, causing them to lose their shape and, accordingly, their attractiveness. This problem applies not only to the shoulders, but also to the armpits.
To solve it, you need to choose a way to achieve your intended goal (many people choose only certain diets, assuming that if they lift dumbbells, after a while they will look like a pumped-up man).
To get a sculpted figure, you should lift weights and take special supplements. A set of exercises and diet is considered the most suitable. However, before starting a diet, you need to look at your body from the outside. Sometimes this is not the only place where fat is deposited, so everyone will need help.
Then advice on losing excess fat tissue only on the arms will not help - you need to balance the diet. After normalizing your overall weight, you can work on your hands.
The diet for losing excess fat on the arms is as follows: fried, fatty, and sweet foods should be excluded from the menu (the basis of all dishes should be meat and seafood, which will be eaten together with vegetables). Meals should be small, several times a day, the portion weight should not exceed 300 grams, and the last meal should not be later than 6 pm. Drink the required amount of fluid, normally 2 liters.
If you follow these recommendations, you can quickly lose excess weight. It is possible to tighten the skin on your hands with the help of special exercises.
Exercises for a slim face
Proper organization of your sleeping area will also help get rid of chubby cheeks. It is best to sleep on your back on fairly firm pillows. But when choosing soft bedding during a night's rest, the face seems to “blur”, as a result of which the cheeks can sag and lose their elasticity. Special exercises will help restore tone to your facial muscles. Remember, the effect will only be achieved if you do them regularly.
You definitely need to exercise every day, preferably 2 times a day. How to lose weight in your cheeks at home using special facial exercises? It's quite simple, the first exercise: slowly tilt your head back and open and then close your mouth. It is advisable to repeat this movement at least 10 times. The second exercise is turning your head, do it in turn in each direction, try to move your head as far as possible, keeping your back straight. Try to sing all the vowels of the alphabet, performing each letter with its own individual - arbitrary facial expressions. Another incredibly useful exercise for the face is drawing. Hold a pencil between your lips and try to use it to write any letters, words or entire phrases in the air.
Adipose tissue in the armpits
You can get rid of fat in this area if you know why it appeared. There is a misconception that it occurs due to an increase in the overall weight of the human body. However, most studies have shown that this is the last “resort” where excess adipose tissue is deposited.
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There are several reasons that cause such fat deposits: poor posture, heredity and weak pectoral triceps. To get rid of armpit fat, you don't need to go to the gym, you can do all the exercises at home. About 15 minutes of free time is enough for this.
Reduce overall body weight
Obviously, if you reduce your overall weight, you can easily lose your excess facial fat. But it is very difficult to do this!!
So how can you reduce your overall body weight? I highly recommend that you reduce your overall weight. Because it only gives the expected weight loss results.
Because fat loss in a specific area is difficult to achieve.
How to quickly get rid of facial fat with cardio training
Do cardio workouts. Because overall weight loss matters for losing weight on your face!
Try the following cardio exercises:
- Aerobics
- Race walking
- Climbing stairs
- Kickboxing
- Run
Training with additional weights
Lifting weights is a good option for reducing overall body weight. Try starting with light weights.
You can also lose weight by simply drinking juices. If you find it difficult to follow these methods, try alternative weight loss methods.
Sleep well (bonus tip)
Sleep is one of nature's best cures for all health problems. While you sleep, your body repairs itself. This way, your body is rejuvenated after you get out of bed. Research shows that there is a connection between sleep duration and weight gain. If you sleep less than 5 hours at night, then you will suffer from serious weight problems. It is necessary to sleep at least 8 hours every day to stay healthy and get rid of excess facial fat.
Possible complications and preventive measures
Fat deposition in any part of the body can cause serious diseases: cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes, diseases of bones and muscle fibers, and some cancers. In addition, a person may develop mental disorders.
The main preventive measure should be the establishment of an energy balance between consumed and expended energy. To do this, you should adhere to a certain diet and properly increase physical activity.
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